African Americans were the first group to organize for civil rights. The 14th amendment introduced the notion of equality into the constitution. It did that by specifying that a state could not deny "any person within its jurisdiction equal protection of any law." After ratification women, and later African Americans and other minorities and disadvantaged groups took to the courts to seek expanded civil rights in all walks of life. The first women's rights convention was in 1848 in Seneca Falls. The leaders were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. African Americans formed the NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and the American Anti-Slavery Society to show their dislike for slavery. Slavery was an issue from the moment the nation was founded. The slave trade banned in 1808 and the Missouri Compromise lead to pro-slavery and pro-abolition groups. The antislavery movement was solidified by the formation of the American Anti-Slavery Association in 1833. This group made way for women's movement. Women were active participants in many states but could not participate at the World Anti-Slavery Society Meeting. This inspired Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott to hold the Seneca Falls Convention. By the 1850's following the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Dred Scott court case decision, civil rights tension between African Americans and Whites had escalated. The Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)- Supreme Court case that found the Missouri Compromise(compromise that banned slavery north of a certain geographical line) as unconstitutional. Court also ruled that slaves were not U.S. citizens which meant they could not bring forth suits to court. Some of the reasons civil rights were not properly given to African Americans in the south were because of Jim Crow Laws which were made by Southern states that made segregation required. Black Codes were laws in the South denying almost all legal rights to newly freed slaves. Following the Civil War, many large steps were taken to end slavery and to reduce the amount of discrimination. Thirteenth Amendment banned slavery in the United States. Fourteenth Amendment Guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all citizens. Fifteenth Amendment specifically enfranchised recently freed slaves The Civil Rights Act of 1875 allowed African Americans to use the same accommodations in public places and gave Congress and the federal courts the power to step in when states attempted to restrict the citizenship rights of male African Americans in matters such as voting.Compliance with the laws was limited. States in the south quickly passed Black Codes to stop African Americans from having full involvement in society. The Civil Rights Cases (1883) were five different cases that involved the convictions of private individuals found to have violated the Civil Rights Act by refusing to extend availability of accommodations to African Americans in theaters, a hotel, and railroads. The courts upheld Jim Crow laws, which allowed segregation in public places. African Americans were deprived the right to vote through poll taxes(Small taxes on the right to vote that often were due when poor African American sharecroppers had the least amount of money on hand), literacy tests, and grandfather clauses(Grandfather clauses were voter qualification provisions that permitted people to vote even if they could not pay the tax or read, as long as their grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction. This ensured that white southerners could vote. Since most grandparents of free black men at the time were slaves, this prohibited them from voting.) After all these hardships, African Americans and women have equal rights and have the right to vote.
African Americans were the first group to organize for civil rights. The 14th amendment introduced the notion of equality into the constitution. It did that by specifying that a state could not deny "any person within its jurisdiction equal protection of any law." After ratification women, and later African Americans and other minorities and disadvantaged groups took to the courts to seek expanded civil rights in all walks of life. The first women's rights convention was in 1848 in Seneca Falls. The leaders were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. African Americans formed the NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and the American Anti-Slavery Society to show their dislike for slavery. Slavery was an issue from the moment the nation was founded. The slave trade banned in 1808 and the Missouri Compromise lead to pro-slavery and pro-abolition groups. The antislavery movement was solidified by the formation of the American Anti-Slavery Association in 1833. This group made way for women's movement. Women were active participants in many states but could not participate at the World Anti-Slavery Society Meeting. This inspired Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott to hold the Seneca Falls Convention. By the 1850's following the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Dred Scott court case decision, civil rights tension between African Americans and Whites had escalated. The Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)- Supreme Court case that found the Missouri Compromise(compromise that banned slavery north of a certain geographical line) as unconstitutional. Court also ruled that slaves were not U.S. citizens which meant they could not bring forth suits to court. Some of the reasons civil rights were not properly given to African Americans in the south were because of Jim Crow Laws which were made by Southern states that made segregation required. Black Codes were laws in the South denying almost all legal rights to newly freed slaves. Following the Civil War, many large steps were taken to end slavery and to reduce the amount of discrimination. Thirteenth Amendment banned slavery in the United States. Fourteenth Amendment Guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all citizens. Fifteenth Amendment specifically enfranchised recently freed slaves The Civil Rights Act of 1875 allowed African Americans to use the same accommodations in public places and gave Congress and the federal courts the power to step in when states attempted to restrict the citizenship rights of male African Americans in matters such as voting.Compliance with the laws was limited. States in the south quickly passed Black Codes to stop African Americans from having full involvement in society. The Civil Rights Cases (1883) were five different cases that involved the convictions of private individuals found to have violated the Civil Rights Act by refusing to extend availability of accommodations to African Americans in theaters, a hotel, and railroads. The courts upheld Jim Crow laws, which allowed segregation in public places. African Americans were deprived the right to vote through poll taxes(Small taxes on the right to vote that often were due when poor African American sharecroppers had the least amount of money on hand), literacy tests, and grandfather clauses(Grandfather clauses were voter qualification provisions that permitted people to vote even if they could not pay the tax or read, as long as their grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction. This ensured that white southerners could vote. Since most grandparents of free black men at the time were slaves, this prohibited them from voting.) After all these hardships, African Americans and women have equal rights and have the right to vote.
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